Lawrence River, which flows into the Gulf of St. The Columbia, Fraser, and Yukon rivers are the principal drainage systems of British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. The 4,241-km (2,635-mi) Mackenzie River -with its tributaries and three large lakes (Great Bear, Great Slave, and Athabasca) -drains an area of almost 2.6 million sq km (1 million sq mi) into the Arctic Ocean. The central Canadian Shield area is drained by the Nelson-Saskatchewan, Churchill, Severn, and Albany rivers flowing into the Hudson Bay. They vary greatly in size and topography, with mountains, plateaus, fjords, and low coastal plains. The Arctic islands constitute a large group extending north of the Canadian mainland to within 885 km (550 mi) of the North Pole. Elias Range near the Alaska border, is 5,959 m (19,551 ft) high. Logan, the highest peak in Canada, in the St. The westernmost region of Canada, extending from western Alberta to the Pacific Ocean, includes the Rocky Mountains, a plateau region, the coastal mountain range, and an inner sea passage separating the outer island groups from the fjord-lined coast.
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Toward the north of this section is a series of rich mining areas, and still farther north is the Mackenzie low-land, traversed by many lakes and rivers. West of the Shield are the farmlands and ranching areas of the great central plains, some 1,300 km (800 mi) wide along the US border and tapering to about 160 km (100 mi) at the mouth of the Mackenzie River.
Lawrence River, Lake Ontario, and Georgian Bay. Lawrence lowlands, a fertile plain in the triangle bounded by the St. South and southeast of the Shield are the Great Lakes –St. East of the Shield is the maritime area, separated from the rest of Canada by low mountain ranges pierced by plains and river valleys, and including the island of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. This vast region, with its store of forests, waterpower, and mineral resources, is being increasingly developed. TOPOGRAPHYĬanada's topography is dominated by the Canadian Shield, an ice-scoured area of Precambrian rocks surrounding Hudson Bay and covering half the country. Its total coastline length is 202,080 km (125,566 miles) Canada's capital city, Ottawa, is located in the southeastern part of the country. The country's total land boundary length is 8,893 km (5,526 mi). The coastal waters of Canada also include the Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay. Canada is bounded on the n by the Arctic Ocean, on the e by Kennedy Channel, Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the Atlantic Ocean, on the s by the United States, and on the w by the Pacific Ocean and the US state of Alaska. Elias in the Yukon Territory and 4,627 km (2,875 mi) n –s from Cape Columbia on Ellesmere Island to Pelee Island in Lake Erie. Its total land area of 9,976,140 sq km (3,851,809 sq mi) makes it the second-largest country in the world (slightly larger than China and the United States), extending 5,187 km (3,223 mi) e –w from Cape Spear, Newfoundland, to Mt. LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENTĬanada consists of all of the North American continent north of the United States except Alaska and the small French islands of St. TIME: Newfoundland, 8:30 am = noon GMT New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Qu ébec, 8 am = noon GMT Ontario east of 90 ° and western Qu ébec, 7 am = noon GMT western Ontario and Manitoba, 6 am = noon GMT Alberta and Saskatchewan, 5 am = noon GMT British Columbia and Yukon Territory, 4 am = noon GMT. Other holidays are observed in some provinces. HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January Good Friday Easter Monday Victoria Day, the Monday preceding 25 May Canada Day, 1 July Labor Day, 1st Monday in September Thanksgiving Day, 2nd Monday in October Remembrance Day, 11 November Christmas Day, 25 December Boxing Day, 26 December.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES: The metric system is the legal standard. US currency is usually accepted, especially in major cities and along the border. Silver coins of 5 and 10 dollars, commemorating the Olympics, were issued during 1973 –76. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents, 1 dollar and 2 dollars, and notes of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 1,000 Canadian dollars. MONETARY UNIT: The Canadian dollar (c$) is a paper currency of 100 cents. FLAG: The national flag, adopted in 1964, consists of a red maple leaf on a white field, flanked by a red vertical field on each end.ĪNTHEM: Since 1 July 1980, O Canada has been the official anthem.
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